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<title>Bluesky Architecture compared to other social media services</title>
<meta name="author" content="Éibhear Ó hAnluain"/>
<meta name="description" content="A discussion of Bluesky's architecture as it relates to other social media services"/>
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<section id="sec-title-slide" data-background="./bCardBackground.png"><h1 class="title">Bluesky Architecture compared to other social media services</h1><p class="subtitle"><a href="?print-pdf">Printable version</a></p>
<h2 class="author">Éibhear Ó hAnluain</h2><h2 class="email"><a href="mailto:eibhear.geo@gmail.com">eibhear.geo@gmail.com</a></h2><h2 class="date">2024-05-24 Fri 00:00</h2>
</section>
<section id="sec-table-of-contents" data-background="./bCardBackground.png"><div id="table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
<div id="text-table-of-contents" role="doc-toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#/slide-org962c090">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-org1c5177a">General social media architectures</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-orgd3cc424">Federated social media services</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-orgbbbb76a">Bluesky</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-orgd5d7cd2">Bluesky &#x2013; Identities</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-orgc6a75e0">Bluesky &#x2013; Composable Feeds</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-org3288645">Bluesky &#x2013; The AppView</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-orgf4c07d3">Bluesky &#x2013; The Relay and the PDS</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-org1f2c0a0">Bluesky &#x2013; Moderation</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-org8ec7ec1">Bluesky</a></li>
<li><a href="#/slide-org265d90a">Resources and further reading</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-org962c090" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="org962c090">Introduction</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org962c090">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org3022e3d" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org3022e3d">Éibhear Ó hAnluain</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">Eurofins 3.5 years</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Solution Architect/Enterprise Architect</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Interested in and promoting federated social services since 2013-ish
<ul>
<li>Implementations</li>
<li>Blog posts</li>
<li>Representations to government organisations</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Presentation uses diagrams created using Strucutizr
<ul>
<li><code>autolayout</code> throughout</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Call to remain open after the half-hour; please leave questions to the end.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org73d9677" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org73d9677">What is Bluesky</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">A new social media service</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Initiated by Jack Dorsey when he was CEO of Twitter
<ul>
<li>Vision of a decentralised service</li>
<li>Inspired by Mike Masnick's 2019 "Protocols, Not Platforms: A
Technological Approach to Free Speech" paper</li>
<li>Plan was for Twitter to move all its users to the new platform
when ready</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Company formed in 2021
<ul>
<li>Seed funding from Twitter</li>
<li>Dorsey on the board</li>
<li>Set up as a public benefit company</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Privatisation of Twitter in October; Bluesky defunded</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Spring 2023, Dorsey deleted Bluesky account &#x2013; not meeting his vision</li>
<li class="fragment appear">April 2024; Dorsey resigns from Bluesky board.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-org1c5177a" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="org1c5177a">General social media architectures</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org1c5177a">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org4b66ddd" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org4b66ddd">Simplistic view 1/2 &#x2013; overview</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org61d8c10" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-001-GenericSocial-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-001-GenericSocial-01.png" width="90%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orga9f8612" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orga9f8612">Simplistic view 2/2 &#x2013; services</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<div id="org6bbddea" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-002-GenericSocial-02.png" alt="structurizr-1-002-GenericSocial-02.png" width="40%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">Social media user access the app</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The app interacts with the API</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The API is the gateway for the database of posts, responses, likes, etc.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org213ed6c" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org213ed6c">More realistic view 1/4 &#x2013; overview</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org9502458" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-003-RealisticSocial-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-003-RealisticSocial-01.png" width="90%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orgd730bb8" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orgd730bb8">More realistic view 2/4 &#x2013; basic services</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<div id="org0aad837" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-004-RealisticSocial-02.png" alt="structurizr-1-004-RealisticSocial-02.png" width="70%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">Social media user access the app</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The app interacts with the API</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The API is the gateway for the database of posts, responses, likes, etc.</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The API also captures data for building profiles of users for targeting purposes</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The algorithmic feed generator guides the API on what posts to place into the app's feed</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org0199d1e" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org0199d1e">More realistic view 3/4 &#x2013; the algorithm</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<div id="orgfa692af" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-005-RealisticSocial-03.png" alt="structurizr-1-005-RealisticSocial-03.png" width="70%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<ul>
<li>Social media user access the app</li>
<li>The app interacts with the API</li>
<li>The API is the gateway for the database of posts, responses, likes, etc.</li>
<li>The API also captures data for building profiles of users for targeting purposes</li>
<li>The algorithmic feed generator guides the API on what posts to place into the app's feed</li>
<li>Algorithmic feeds are created by the service administrator, using an app only <i>they</i> have access to</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org7b93612" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org7b93612">More realistic view 4/4 &#x2013; content moderation</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<div id="orge118d97" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-006-RealisticSocial-04.png" alt="structurizr-1-006-RealisticSocial-04.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<ul>
<li>Social media user access the app</li>
<li>The app interacts with the API</li>
<li>The API is the gateway for the database of posts, responses, likes, etc.</li>
<li>The API also captures data for building profiles of users for targeting purposes</li>
<li>The algorithmic feed generator guides the API on what posts to place into the app's feed</li>
<li>Algorithmic feeds are created by the service administrator, using an app only <i>they</i> have access to</li>
<li>Moderation is also performed by a member of the service's staff, using a dedicate app and services the the user doesn't have access to</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-orgd3cc424" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="orgd3cc424">Federated social media services</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgd3cc424">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orgb32dfdf" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orgb32dfdf">Federated services 1/8 &#x2013; overview</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org4240ef5" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-007-FederatedSocial-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-007-FederatedSocial-01.png" width="75%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org4d759e5" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org4d759e5">Federated services 2/8 &#x2013; internal, administration and content moderation services</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<div id="org7333bc8" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-008-FederatedSocial-02.png" alt="structurizr-1-008-FederatedSocial-02.png" width="70%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">Same as before, the user access the service through an App that uses an API</li>
<li class="fragment appear">As federated services are small, the administrator and the moderator are the one person</li>
<li class="fragment appear">No algorithmic feeds, though
<ul>
<li>not popular in the fediverse community</li>
<li>difficult to implement in a federated environment.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org00a9dfb" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org00a9dfb">Federated services 3/8 &#x2013; federation 1</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 60%">
<div id="org68575c7" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-009-FederatedSocial-03.png" alt="structurizr-1-009-FederatedSocial-03.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 40%">
<ul>
<li>Same as before, the user access the service through an App that uses an API</li>
<li>As federated services are small, the administrator and the moderator are the one person</li>
<li>No algorithmic feeds, though
<ul>
<li>not popular in the fediverse community</li>
<li>difficult to implement in a federated environment.</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Federation service to push activity out to the federated network</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Federation API to take in activity from other nodes</li>
<li class="fragment appear">A logical database of inbound federated posts</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Federation using ActivityPub standard</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orge69c678" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orge69c678">Federated services 4/8 &#x2013; federation 2</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="orgf56a19e" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-010-FederatedSocial-04.png" alt="structurizr-1-010-FederatedSocial-04.png" width="75%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org053f0bc" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org053f0bc">Federated services 5/8 &#x2013; federation 3</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org37631cd" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-011-FederatedSocial-05.png" alt="structurizr-1-011-FederatedSocial-05.png" width="75%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org7c46032" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org7c46032">Federated services 6/8 &#x2013; federation 4</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org49e532d" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-012-FederatedSocial-06.png" alt="structurizr-1-012-FederatedSocial-06.png" width="75%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org7304ca4" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org7304ca4">Federated services 7/8 &#x2013; federation 5</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org532271e" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-013-FederatedSocial-07.png" alt="structurizr-1-013-FederatedSocial-07.png" width="75%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org542b7f5" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org542b7f5">Federated services 8/8 &#x2013; federation 6</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org9d86375" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-014-FederatedSocial-08.png" alt="structurizr-1-014-FederatedSocial-08.png" width="75%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-orgbbbb76a" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="orgbbbb76a">Bluesky</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgbbbb76a">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orgb248bd1" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orgb248bd1">Basic Bluesky 1/2</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="orgfe27cdb" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-015-BlueskyBasic-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-015-BlueskyBasic-01.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orgb979936" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orgb979936">Basic Bluesky 2/2</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 70%">
<div id="org7ecdc22" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-016-BlueskyBasic-02.png" alt="structurizr-1-016-BlueskyBasic-02.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 30%">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">User interfaces with a client hosted by the <i>AppView</i></li>
<li class="fragment appear">The <i>AppView</i> includes an API (allowing for 3rd-party and bot-like clients)</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The <i>AppView</i> stores and reads data from the <i>Personal Data Server</i> (PDS)</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Bluesky resolved user identities using "DIDs" (Distributed IDs)</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The Bluesky admin uses a separate service for preparing algorithmic feeds</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The Bluesky moderator applies labels and actions to posts for trust and safety through a dedicated service</li>
<li class="fragment appear">All implemented using a new social protocol call "The AT Protocol", or <i>@proto</i>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-orgd5d7cd2" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="orgd5d7cd2">Bluesky &#x2013; Identities</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgd5d7cd2">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org74d4ee5" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org74d4ee5">Bluesky Identities 1/4</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 35%">
<div id="org412f924" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-017-BlueskyIdentity-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-017-BlueskyIdentity-01.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 65%">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">User's typical Bluesky ID is <code>@&lt;user-handle&gt;.bsky.social</code>
<ul>
<li>e.g. <code>@theauldsthretch.bsky.social</code></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Users can set up their own handle, <code>@&lt;user-handle&gt;.&lt;domain&gt;</code>. E.g. (and these are all real IDs) &#x2026;
<ul>
<li><code>@astrokatie.com</code> &#x2013; a cosmologist</li>
<li><code>@eibhear.gibiris.org</code> &#x2013; the author</li>
<li><code>@wyden.senate.gov</code> &#x2013; a U.S. Senator</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">User must control the domain or be a legitimate member of the domain's community</li>
<li class="fragment appear"><p>
Domain-based handle resolves to a DID, either by DNS or <code>.well-known</code>:
</p>
<div class="org-src-container">
<pre class="src src-shell" ><code trim>$ dig _atproto.eibhear.gibiris.org TXT
...
;; ANSWER SECTION:
_atproto.eibhear.gibiris.org. 3600 IN TXT <span style="color: #8b2252;">"did=did:plc:23mysztmt7dh3l5lzhinzafi"</span>
$ curl https://theauldsthretch.bsky.social/.well-known/atproto-did
did:plc:avzdf5esd7xpbgsgh7lx4kzq
</code></pre>
</div></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org355f5fa" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org355f5fa">Bluesky Identities 2/4</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org192a0e3" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-018-BlueskyIdentity-02.png" alt="structurizr-1-018-BlueskyIdentity-02.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org6d928cf" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org6d928cf">Bluesky Identities 3/4</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="orgae6977d" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-019-BlueskyIdentity-03.png" alt="structurizr-1-019-BlueskyIdentity-03.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org30f6f4d" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org30f6f4d">Bluesky Identities 4/4</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="orga931015" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-020-BlueskyIdentity-04.png" alt="structurizr-1-020-BlueskyIdentity-04.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-orgc6a75e0" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="orgc6a75e0">Bluesky &#x2013; Composable Feeds</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgc6a75e0">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orgf0e0fbd" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orgf0e0fbd">Bluesky Composable Feeds 1/3</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 70%">
<div id="orgb1a9e02" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-021-BlueskyFeeds-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-021-BlueskyFeeds-01.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 30%">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">Algorithmic feeds use an API</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Allows for independent feeds to be created by 3rd parties</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Users' default feed is <i>Following</i>:
<ul>
<li>A chronological feed of posts from those you follow</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Users subscribe to other feeds. Examples:
<ul>
<li><i>Discover</i> &#x2013; posts that you may be interested in</li>
<li><i>Astronomy</i> &#x2013; Posts relating to astronomy</li>
<li><i>Quiet Posters</i> &#x2013; those you follow but who don't post very often</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">The <i>AppView</i> will read data from the independent feeds</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The feeds get relevant posts from the PDS</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org7a9b637" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org7a9b637">Bluesky Composable Feeds 2/3 &#x2013; feeds as a separate application type</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org083de17" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-023-BlueskyFeeds-03.png" alt="structurizr-1-023-BlueskyFeeds-03.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org18967ba" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org18967ba">Bluesky Composable Feeds 3/3 &#x2013; Generic feeds</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org726cfef" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-024-BlueskyFeeds-04.png" alt="structurizr-1-024-BlueskyFeeds-04.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-org3288645" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="org3288645">Bluesky &#x2013; The AppView</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org3288645">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org4ebdd4a" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org4ebdd4a">Bluesky AppView 1/3</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 60%">
<div id="org5271d50" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-025-BlueskyAppView-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-025-BlueskyAppView-01.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 40%">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">The main application users interact with the <i>AppView</i>.</li>
<li class="fragment appear">The <i>AppView</i> consists of the application (web, mobile, etc.) and the API
<ul>
<li>3rd-party clients (web, mobile, bots) can be created</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">The client is only a part of the <i>AppView</i></li>
<li class="fragment appear">The <i>AppView</i> implements the <i>lexicon</i> of the service
<ul>
<li>Converts the <i>data</i> in the PDS into the social media <i>information</i></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Now implemented by Bluesky as a separate service</li>
<li class="fragment appear"><i>AppView</i> reads from the feeds services, the moderation services and the PDS itelf</li>
<li class="fragment appear"><i>AppView</i> writes new posts, reposts, likes, replies, etc. to the PDS</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org735da7c" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org735da7c">Bluesky AppView 2/3 &#x2013; A 3rd-party independent AppView</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 60%">
<div id="org8fc094d" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-027-BlueskyAppView-03.png" alt="structurizr-1-027-BlueskyAppView-03.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 40%">
<ul>
<li>The main application users interact with the <i>AppView</i>.</li>
<li>The <i>AppView</i> consists of the application (web, mobile, etc.) and the API
<ul>
<li>3rd-party clients (web, mobile, bots) can be created</li>
</ul></li>
<li>The client is only a part of the <i>AppView</i></li>
<li>The <i>AppView</i> implements the <i>lexicon</i> of the service
<ul>
<li>Converts the <i>data</i> in the PDS into the social media <i>information</i></li>
</ul></li>
<li>Now implemented by Bluesky as a separate service</li>
<li><i>AppView</i> reads from the feeds services, the moderation services and the PDS itelf</li>
<li><i>AppView</i> writes new posts, reposts, likes, replies, etc. to the PDS</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Third parties can also develop separate <i>AppViews</i> (the client and APIs) &#x2026;
<ul>
<li>Alternatives to Bluesky's own <i>AppView</i></li>
<li>Implement a new <i>lexicon</i> for, say, video sharing, long-form posts, etc.</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org2d104bb" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org2d104bb">Bluesky AppView 3/3 &#x2013; Generic AppView</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="orga6f7a1a" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-028-BlueskyAppView-04.png" alt="structurizr-1-028-BlueskyAppView-04.png" width="70%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-orgf4c07d3" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="orgf4c07d3">Bluesky &#x2013; The Relay and the PDS</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-orgf4c07d3">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org204fcc9" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org204fcc9">Bluesky Relay 1/2 &#x2013; 1 PDS into many</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 70%">
<div id="org4e412e0" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-029-BlueskyRelay-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-029-BlueskyRelay-01.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 30%">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">Initially, Bluesky had just 1 PDS</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Separated out into multiple PDSs for performance reasons</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org754ce02" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org754ce02">Bluesky Relay 2/2 &#x2013; Relay, as a proxy to the PDSes</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 70%">
<div id="org0c6fb18" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-030-BlueskyRelay-02.png" alt="structurizr-1-030-BlueskyRelay-02.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 30%">
<ul>
<li>Initially, Bluesky had just 1 PDS</li>
<li>Separated out into multiple PDSs for performance reasons</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Interfaces for reading PDSs now proxied through <i>the Relay</i></li>
<li class="fragment appear">The Relay stores metadata and indexes/indices of posts</li>
<li class="fragment appear">All information about posts are read from the Relay
<ul>
<li>the <i>AppView</i></li>
<li>algorithmic feeds services</li>
<li>moderation</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear"><i>AppView</i> still writes to the PDS (new posts, etc.)</li>
<li class="fragment appear">With <i>the Relay</i>, we can now have <b>independent, self-hosted, PDSs</b>.</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org9ab02e8" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org9ab02e8">Bluesky PDS 1/3 &#x2013; An independent PDS: "federation" of a sort</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="org796fb63" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-032-BlueskyPDS-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-032-BlueskyPDS-01.png" width="90%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orge95f28e" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orge95f28e">Bluesky PDS 2/3 &#x2013; An independent PDS: "federation" of a sort</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="orgc105d51" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-034-BlueskyPDS-03.png" alt="structurizr-1-034-BlueskyPDS-03.png" width="90%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org392c7d1" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org392c7d1">Bluesky PDS 3/3 &#x2013; PDS: "federation" of a sort</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<div id="orgfda4f21" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-035-BlueskyPDS-04.png" alt="structurizr-1-035-BlueskyPDS-04.png" width="80%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-org1f2c0a0" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="org1f2c0a0">Bluesky &#x2013; Moderation</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org1f2c0a0">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orgf5f2250" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orgf5f2250">Bluesky Moderation 1/2</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 70%">
<div id="org5575ec1" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-036-BlueskyModeration-01.png" alt="structurizr-1-036-BlueskyModeration-01.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 30%">
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">Moderation separated out as a distinct service</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Moderation tooling reads from the Relay</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Bluesky maintains and operates the top-level moderation
<ul>
<li>Suppresses the really bad stuff, like illegal and abusive material</li>
<li>and really, really, <i>really</i> bad stuff like copyright infringement<sup><a id="fnr.1" class="footref" href="#fn.1" role="doc-backlink">1</a></sup></li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">But separate moderation services can be implemented by 3rd parties</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org881fae1" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org881fae1">Bluesky Moderation 2/2 &#x2013; A 3rd-party independent Moderation service</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 70%">
<div id="org725f843" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-038-BlueskyModeration-03.png" alt="structurizr-1-038-BlueskyModeration-03.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="one_of_2_columns" style="width: 30%">
<ul>
<li>Moderation separated out as a distinct service</li>
<li>Moderation tooling reads from the Relay</li>
<li>Bluesky maintains and operates the top-level moderation
<ul>
<li>Suppresses the really bad stuff, like illegal and abusive material</li>
<li>and really, really, <i>really</i> bad stuff like copyright infringement</li>
</ul></li>
<li>But separate moderation services can be implemented by 3rd parties</li>
<li class="fragment appear">User subscribes to moderation service</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Users' feeds have material removed or elided by the moderation service</li>
<li class="fragment appear">User can't unsubscribe from Bluesky's moderation</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-org8ec7ec1" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="org8ec7ec1">Bluesky</h2>
<div class="outline-text-2" id="text-org8ec7ec1">
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-orgc722127" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="orgc722127">Bluesky &#x2013; Current architecture</h3>
<div class="gridded_frame_with_columns e-frame">
<div id="org86997a6" class="figure">
<p><img src="structurizr-1-038-BlueskyModeration-03.png" alt="structurizr-1-038-BlueskyModeration-03.png" width="100%" />
</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="slide-org29300aa" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h3 id="org29300aa">Bluesky &#x2013; Roadmap</h3>
<div class="e-frame">
<p>
Planned for 2024
</p>
<ul>
<li class="fragment appear">Private/Direct messages (DMs)
<ul>
<li>E2E Encrypted</li>
<li>1:1 initially, but group DMs planned</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Video sharing
<ul>
<li>short clips, 90s or so.</li>
</ul></li>
<li class="fragment appear">Improved custom feeds</li>
<li class="fragment appear">Improved anti-harassment</li>
<li class="fragment appear">OAuth &#x2013; for allowing 3rd-party clients to authenticate without
an application password</li>
</ul>
</div>
</section>
</section>
<section>
<section id="slide-org265d90a" data-background="./bCardBackground.png">
<h2 id="org265d90a">Resources and further reading</h2>
</section>
</section>
</div>
</div>
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